Offer and Acceptance Essay Sample free essay sample

In the given request the issue is whether there is a following agreement among Gerard and Reg. An agreement can be characterized as an intentional reason of obligation. So as to set up an agreement there must be an offer followed by an assurance. So as to see whether the gatherings have gone to an understanding the council would take a gander at the motivation behind the gatherings. Reason will be taken a gander at impartially. In utilizing the objective preliminary the courts consider whether the reasonable individual in the other parties’ spot would reason that there was a reason to come in to a comprehension. A decent representation of the use of the objective preliminary is given in Centrovincial Estates Plc versus merchandiser investors’ certainty Company Ltd. It ought to non. by and by. be expected that the emotional reasons for the gatherings are superfluous. An emotional preliminary endeavors to decide the existent motivation behind the getting parties. We will compose a custom paper test on Offer and Acceptance Essay Sample or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In Hartog versus colin and Shields the court received the objective preliminary theme to emotional thought. In Gibson versus Manchester city board the House of Lords accentuated the significance of putting an offer and belief when make up ones disapproving of whether the gatherings arrived at a comprehension. An offer is an enduring venture to be bound in the each it footings are acknowledged by the other. It must be finishing up. certain and unambiguous. There must be no farther exchanges or treatment required. The idea of an offer was examined in Gibson versus Manchester City Council. The committee chose to sell the chamber houses to the tenants. The committee so concluded non to sell the houses. The board sent Gibson a papers which requested that he do a proper greeting to buy and expressed that the Council â€Å"may be set up to sell’ the house to him. Gibson marked the papers and brought it back. The House of Lords held that an agreement had non been finished up in light of the fact that the gathering had non made an offer fit for being acknowledged. Ruler Diplock expressed: The words â€Å"may be set up to sell† are fatal†¦so is the greeting. â€Å"to make formal application to buy† . In this case of import footings despite everything should have been reso lved. Anyway in Storer versus Manchester city gathering. under comparable condition. the Court of Appeal found that there was a coupling contract. The board had sent Storer a conveying that they expected would follow upon his belief. All storer needed to make to hold fast himself to the ulterior deal was to buy in the papers and bring it back. It must be noticed that specific explanations made during discoursed will non sum to offers. as they come up short on the characteristics of going an offer. such proclamation incorporate ; mission statement ( Harris versus Nickerson ) . flexibly of data ( Harvey versus Facey ) . also, greeting to deal with ( Patridge versus Crittenden ) . In the given request Reg electronic mail to Gerard â€Å"I have available to be purchased 500 Cadmiums from the 1970s. 80s and 90s. amuse happen partnered rundown of rubrics. They are in five star status. I have to fund-raise urgently so will sell all in all or in parcel. I’m arranged to sell for ? 1000. A r apid answer would be appreciated† . There is a request whether the primary electronic mail from Reg is an offer? Expressing a reason to contract or to make concern is non an offer. It sums simply for an encouragement to deal with. This was so held in Harris versus Nickerson where a closeout was promoted with greeting regarding the focuses to be unloaded and the topographic point it would be held. A forthcoming bidder went to the sale just to be told it would non be held. He carried an activity against the barker to recover the expense for go toing the sale. It was held that the advertizement was only a mission statement to keep a sale and is non an offer. Consequently on this land. the email by Reg will non sum to an offer. The announcement is other than non certain. closing and ambiguous. Recommending that Reg do non had the genuine reason make an offer. as in the situation of Harvey versus Facey ( 1983 ) here Harvey sent Facey a wire it said â€Å"will you sell us Bumper Hall Pen? Broadcast most reduced hard money fiscal worth â€answer paid† facey answered on a similar twenty-four hours: â€Å"lowest financial incentive for Bumper Hall Pen ? 900â⠂¬  Harvey so answered in the undermentioned words â€Å"we consent to buy Bumper Hall Pen for the measure of 900 lbs asked by you. If it's not too much trouble sent us your rubric title all together that we may gain early possession† . At long last in this occurrence Privy Council prompted that no agreement existed between the gatherings. The principal Telegram was only an appeal for data. So at no stage the Defendant make a distinct offer that could be acknowledged. By contrasting the situation and Harvey versus facey. it obviously says that the principal electronic mail from Reg is simply a sharing of data or greeting to deal with. After the challenge to deal with or sharing of data. the accompanying topographic point is for a proposal by the other party else it is still on discourse technique. The answer email from Gerard on second March at 5. 30 post-mortem examination says that â€Å"he will take the entirety of the Cadmiums and is eager to pay ?1000 and would move up the CDs. †The electronic mail is finishing up. certain and unambiguous. recommending that Gerard had a motivation behind doing an offer. Subsequently a choice can be drawn that the electronic mail is an offer. Since an offer has been built up it should be dissected whether this offer has been acknowledged. Acknowledgment must be closing and unfit quiet submission to the footings of the offer. For trustworthiness to be useful there are sure guidelines to be fulfilled. The guidelines that should be fulfilled are ; belief must be unconditioned: if the words skilled to contracts are utilized when an offer is acknowledged that is non a legitimate assurance ( chillingworth versus esche ) ; trustworthiness must be on unclear footings: it must be a perfect representation of the offer. it is only than we can express that there is a gathering of heads. On the off chance that the offeree exertion on various footings it is renunciation counter offer-( hyde versus curve ) . trustworthiness must be imparted in existent realities to the offero: this implies until the offero or his specialist gets the opportunity to cognize that the offer has been acknowledged. there is no legitimate trustworthiness ( felthouse versus bindley ) ; and the offeree must hold comprehension of the proposal at the clasp of trustworthiness ( R versus clarke ) . In this occurrence it contrasts from the typical condition of affairss. Than hearing or hanging tight for a confidence from Reg. on second March â€the same day-at 5. 40pm Gerard gets an electronic mail from Reg saying that â€Å"have changed my head. I presently need ?1500 for the CDs† . other than Gerard finds Reg’s first electronic mail. to which Gerard has answered. was sent from place. while the second electronic mail was sent from Reg’s work topographic point. Than being a tr ustworthiness here it’s a refusal of an offer other than have the characteristics of a counter offer. incompletely however non entirely. Counter offer is an offer made because of an old proposal by the other party during exchanges for a finishing up contract. The Brogden V metropolitan railroad is power to state where the counter offer is acknowledged. the agreement is made on the footings of the counter offer and non on the footings of the first offer. The recognizable another point here is the topographic point last email originated from. As all the messages originated from Reg’s place. only the closing electronic mail originated from his work topographic point doing the vulnerabilities on the cogency of his old electronic sends. With this point other than we can make a trip up to the request of whether Reg read Gerard’s answered offer electronic mail previously. Orchestrating to immediate conveying guideline that a confidence faced result where it was gotten. non where it was sent ( Entores Ltd v. Miles far East enterprise ) . So by and by. it very well may be offer or a counter offer yet it definitel y sure that it is entirety to a termination of an old offer. The offer is as yet accessible for confidence. The second request was. would you answer vary. had Gerard answered that he would pay ?800 for the Cadmiums from the 80s and 90s just? No it does non do a tremendous contrast. As it goes to the part of Gerard’s offer. by the by after a challenge to deal with there’s simply a topographic point for an offer or a termination of the greeting which intended to the exchange strategy. So distinctly this other than aggregate to a proposal as the old proclamation.

Pricing Strategy and Distribution free essay sample

Nature Beauty Price methodology will be the infiltration hypothesis for my item. Infiltration is estimating low to invigorate the deals, support trail, and trigger by listening in on others' conversations. Nature Beauty’s mineral powder establishment won't be another item that no organization has like. We should begin by picking up the trust of the buyers by overhearing people's conversations and distinctive showcasing methodologies to the focused on clients. Along these lines once the item has some buzz and clients welcome the items esteem, we can value the mineral powder establishment at more significant expense do to the interest of the item. The contending corrective organization has a comparable item that cases help the skin improve. This organization will be built up in the corrective business and clients will have trust in them. We at Nature Beauty are endeavoring to turn into a powerhouse restorative line so we can cost concurring the worth we accept we hold. We will compose a custom paper test on Evaluating Strategy and Distribution or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Infiltration system is the best the organization in light of the fact that there are a ton of other producst that praises the mineral powder establishment and other general ordinary cleanliness use kind of items that need to bring out. With this technique we can value different items low too and ideally with the trust of Nature Beauty mineral powder establishment picks up it will assist us with presenting them. Despite the fact that Nature Beauty can be viewed as an extravagance corrective, we likewise need it to turn into a need to the buyers too. We need the interest for it increments by causing the customers to feel like this item is a need and need them to live by this Brand. Infiltration system will likewise work with medium valuing range. Medium is a serious methodology. Estimating the mineral powder establishment could be marginally cost above or somewhat cost underneath. Nature Beauty picks somewhat underneath. This goes into the hypothesis for beginning low in and picking up an incentive to cost higher. We need the clients to see this item as sheltered and effective and increasingly significant contrasted with the main corrective contender. I accept we should begin as an elective corrective and show that we are similarly as acceptable or a superior brand. Additionally with the criticism from the customer’s input and reaction to our item, can decide the estimation of its contribution. The main rival valuing procedure are for the most part medium or high inclining towards the Skimming hypothesis. You have organizations like Revlon, Cover Girl who are notable, simple, and are truly open to the buyer at your neighborhood tranquilize store or even general stores. They put off another item and it is the evaluated high and sooner or later you will see the item descend then keep up at lower cost. Nature Beauty is evaluating strategies is Value estimating. As per EZine articles. com, Value evaluating is a procedure that organizations with a high worth item or administration use. The procedure is to sell the high worth item or administration at a low, esteem cost. Note: this cost isn't to be underneath cost yet at what the client would see to be a low cost. Nature Beauty accepts this a solid match for its item since the entirety of the items are great, safe, and exceptionally successful. Additionally Ezine articles referenced that â€Å"Customers discernments are impacted by the worth they see in the connection between the qualities of the item or administration and the value they should pay for that item or administration. Clients likewise are affected by value examination among comparative items or services†. Nature Beauty gives an item that hides the undesirable imperfections, scars, tattoos, and gives you an even immaculate skin tone while with the alone concentrates, and natural fixings improves your skin for a milder and more clear skin. We accept if the purchasers see the qualities that this item have and furthermore trust the other item that praises the mineral powder establishment, we will value higher to the genuine estimation of the item. Despite the fact that we are utilizing the Value estimating strategy, Nature Beauty accepts we are a decent brand and need the shoppers to accept that we are high caliber with a decent cost. In the brain research of valuing the â€Å"price is an unmistakable, substantial prompt, higher the value set the best standard. Notwithstanding, despite the fact that it’s simpler to begin high and let costs later down the line, contingent upon deals of the items, we don’t need to bounce the brush on the value set. We accept that we meet the desire at a greater expense and will endeavor to turn into a brand that can set an exceptional value like it driving contenders. Nature Beauty wants to utilize the hypothesis confining on the items that praises the mineral powder establishment. Confining is evaluating more significant expenses and afterward rebate to cause the buyers to feel better. There will be advancements that will allow purchasers to attempt these items such moisturizer, facial chemical, excellence bar cleanser, make-up remover wipes, and future thought items for nothing or at a limited cost. In any case, they won't generally be marked down. Nature magnificence will promote these items out exclusively beginning high at that point limiting them after we presented the new and most recent item.

Riot Roundup The Best Books We Read July-September 2019

Riot Roundup The Best Books We Read July-September 2019 We asked our contributors to share the best book they read from July to September and they delivered! We’ve got fantastic memoirs, horror, literature, lesbian necromancers and much, much moreâ€"there are excellent book recommendations for so many reading tastes! Some are old, some are new, and some aren’t even out yet. Heres to finding your next amazing read! The Body Papers by Grace Talusan This memoir was a tough read, but an extremely important one. Grace Talusan was born in the Philippines and moved to the United States with her family at a young age. At school, she faces racism from her peers, and at home she faces sexual abuse from her grandfather. Later in her life, as an adult, she faces difficult decisions about her health and the realities of living between worlds as a Filipino immigrant in America. Talusan gracefully jumps between different periods of her life as she reflects on her various traumas and experiences, and provides an honest and captivating narrative about a complex life. â€"Patricia Thang Broken Places Outer Spaces: Finding Creativity in the Unexpected by Nnedi Okorafor I’m disabled, and I didn’t realize I needed to hear other people’s stories with disabilities until after I read this. It also speaks to me as an SFF reader and a hopeful writer. I needed to hear about the intricate ways reading and writing is tied to identity creation, even with speculative genres, and it’s especially powerful as a disability narrative. It’s a slim memoir, an expansion of Okorafor’s previous TED talk, and takes one to two sittings to read. I’ve checked it out from the library a second time so I can reread it. It’s that good. â€"Margaret Kingsbury [Dis]Connected: Poems Stories of Connections and Otherwise, Volume 2, Ed. by Michelle Halket Anthologies can be difficult to read sometimes if there’s no rhyme or reason, so [Dis]Connected has resolved that difficulty with its title alone. If there’s a disconnection among these works, then, yes, that’s the point. However, the works weave together, each piece relying on one idea, word, or phrase from the last to build poems and stories that deal with exactly those conceptshow people connect and disconnect in obvious and subtle ways. And since this is Volume 2, that means there’s a whole other Volume 1 with the same thread of thinking. And since I’m me, I’ve managed to read the second volume first, and it still is stunning. â€"Christina M. Rau Fleishman Is In Trouble by Taffy Brodesser-Akner At the independent bookshop where I work, there was a lot of buzz about this book. Sometimes buzz makes me nervous â€" will the book live up to it? â€" but in this case, it was well deserved. Following the story of a recently divorced dad trying to reenter the world of dating and take care of his kids, it’s part parody, part commentary of the times we live in. The writing is so insightful. I loved, too, that the narrator was a third party â€" a childhood friend of Toby Fleishman’s â€" as this added a layer to both the story and the commentary. In particular, I found myself nodding a lot at the commentary about twenty-first century motherhood. And the yoga tops! It’s worth a read for the collection of yoga top slogans alone. â€"Claire Handscombe Gideon the Ninth by Tamsyn Muir Gideon Nav is an orphan, raised by the Ninth House and its dour cult of the Locked Tomb, forever at odds with the House’s only daughter, Harrowhawk Nonagesimus. Promised her freedom if they succeed, Gideon joins Harrow in answering the Emperor’s summons to the heirs of each of the eight houses, standing as Cavalier to Harrow’s necromancer. If they succeed, Harrow will be immortal and Gideon free of her bondage. If they fail…well, I’m not just going to tell you, that would ruin the surprise. Gideon the Ninth is that rare, successful fusion of fantasy and science fiction with the bonus addition of an amazing POV narrator and snarky lesbian necromancers in space. Honestly, what more do you need from a book? â€"S.W. Sondheimer gods with a little g by Tupelo Hassman This is an incendiary novel of youth and grief and yearning. It perfectly captures how stupid, immediate, and confusing it feels to be a teenager. Helen is a teen in a not-so-distant California, where towns have recently been divided by beliefs. Unfortunately, she and her dad are in an ultra-conservative town, where they’re trying to recover from the loss of her mother, and figure out how to move forward with their lives. Helen spends her days screwing off with her friends in the tire yard, and helping run the business with her psychic aunt, who is being threatened by the citizens for her spiritual beliefs. The sentences on every page of this novel are a priceless gift, that make up one big religious reading experience. â€"Liberty Hardy Gods Without Men by Hari Kunzru This dazzling, virtuosic novel covers several centuries in a single desert location in the American West. It takes in idealistic extraterrestrial cultists, reckless rock stars, vicious colonizers, anguished parents, and disoriented refugees. It’s a bit like Cloud Atlas, but with more attention to the kinds of people who typically get left out of sweeping narratives. â€"Christine Ro Growing Things And Other Stories by Paul Tremblay I adore a good horror short story collection, especially around this time of year, and Paul Tremblay’s recently released Growing Things is the best horror short story collection I’ve read in quite some time. I love the range of storytelling Tremblay exhibits in these stories, from the variety of narrators to the different types of horror tropes explored in new and thought-provoking ways. Whether you’re more of a lover of post-apocalyptic stories or if psychological horror is your thing, this collection has a little bit of something for everyone. â€"Emily Martin How We Fight for Our Lives: A Memoir by Saeed Jones (Simon Schuster, Oct. 8, 2019) I read this over the course of two days, but really lingered in the last few chapters because I didn’t want it to end. Every page is raw, but bursting with life. Jones fits so much living onto the page, so many emotions beneath the wordsâ€"I don’t think I’ve ever read a memoir quite like this one. While this book is about being a young gay Black man raised by a single mother, it is also about finding one’s way and fighting for your dreams and pushing past biases and secrets and hurt. It’s about finding the people who really see us, and learning to see ourselves. â€"Jaime Herndon He Who Is A Protector by Love Belvin Love Belvin completes her Sadik series with the explosive finale, He Who Is A Protector. Belvin weaves a tale through three books about a man, Sadik Ellis, bound by loyalty to his family, who wishes to carve out his own identity free from his familys not so legal activities. Thats not necessarily possible, and as he finds his soulmate in Bilan together they must face turmoil, grief, and many enemies to get to their happily ever after. Its a story with spellbinding romance, drama and the nuances of powerful complicated families. Theres a power struggle for sure, but we know whos really in charge by the end. You wont want to put this book down. â€"Natalya Muncuff House of Salt and Sorrows by Erin E. Craig I love a good retelling, and this was by far one of the best I’ve ever read! Craig takes the well-known story of The Twelve Dancing Princesses and uses it to build an engaging and quite terrifying story. In Highmoor, a manor by the sea, lives the Thalmus family. Once there were twelve Thalmus sisters, but by the opening of the book, only eight remain. Annaleigh, the second-oldest of the remaining sisters, begins to suspect that the most recent death is not a coincidence. As she begins to investigate, a series of ever more disturbing events begin to take place, from mysterious balls, through hauntings, to more violence, until the truth comes to light. Warning: it is not for the faint-hearted. I rarely get spooked by a story, but this one made me quite uncomfortable in the dark. At the same time, the mystery surrounding the deaths in the family and the haunting visions of Annaleigh and Varity kept me reading and craving more. The world the story takes place in is absolutely beautiful , and the mythology fascinating. And although the story of the Thalmus sisters is technically over, I would love it if Craig ventured further into the world she has crafted. â€"Blaga Atanassova Ladies Who Punch by Ramin Setoodeh Ramin Setoodeh, journalist and a senior editor at Vulture, decided to take an insightful and juicy look back at the history and impact of the daytime talk show that singlehandedly redefined how media and culture came to view both the talk show and daytime TV: The View. Spending three years conducting interviews with former and current co-hosts, producers, directors, and everyone in between, Setoodeh shines a spotlight on an important history of an important television show with details scarcely found elsewhere, making it a must-read for all enthusiasts of pop culture, daytime television, and anyone who has ever found themselves enchanted by a heated discussion on The View over the years. But don’t be fooled: Ladies Who Punch might be marketed as a juicy, salacious tell-all (and, on some level, it isâ€"come for the history, stay for the tea and shade) but it’s also a very well written and very well researched account of a pop cultural touchstone. I didn’t want it to end. â€"Jeffrey Davies The Ladys Guide to Celestial Mechanics by Olivia Waite Regency England. Lucy’s father has died, her lover Priscilla has married a man, and her brother is set to sell off her fathers telescope, which she needs to continue the astronomy work she was doing with her father. Then she gets a letter (intended for her father) from the Countess of Moth, seeking a translator. Lucy decides shes the one for the job and sets off to convince Catherine of it. Catherine is a widow who has never considered herself an artist or a scientistâ€"the only thing shes particularly good at is embroideryâ€"and has certainly never been attracted to a woman before. OKAY THAT IS ALL THE PLOT I CAN TALK ABOUT. Yall. YALL. This book is so swoony, so sexy, so romantic, so feminist. When I try to speak about it, I babble incoherently. SMART GIRLS BEING SMART AND ALSO KISSING. Its so good. â€"Annika Barranti Klein Let’s Call it a Doomsday by Katie Henry Katie Henry’s second book, just released this summer, tells the story of a young girl in Berkeley, California, who is obsessed with the end of the world. I loved this book for so many reasons, the beautiful and thoughtful way it dealt with high school students who are struggling with mental health issues, loss, and figuring out their sexuality. The seamless way that it weaved heavy conversations of what it means to be bisexual and religious and how they don’t have to be conflict. It is a YA novel that doesn’t dumb anything down, and takes you on a beautiful journey of self-discovery with the main character. I thoroughly enjoyed every minute of this book, and can’t wait to see what Henry produces next. â€"Katherine Packer Little Fires Everywhere by Celeste Ng I don’t like books about motherhood. It’s just not a topic that’s ever held any interest for me. So when I received a copy of Little Fires Everywhere, a story that primarily centers around adoption and the meaning of motherhood, I put off reading it for two years. When I finally picked it up this summer, I was completely surprised by how much I loved it. Ng covers a lot of ground in this book, wrestling with issues like family, belonging, race, culture, privilege, and growing up, all wrapped up in a thoroughly engrossing narrative that makes it hard to put down. Even if you don’t usually read books in the literary/domestic fiction genres, I highly recommend reading this one. You won’t regret it. â€"Kate Scott Loki: Where Mischief Lies by Mackenzi Lee Oh, man. This is the exact book my Loki-loving teenage self would have given anything to read. And as a fan of Mackenzi Lee’s books (and, well, still a Loki-loving adult), I enjoyed every page of it. Plus, can you think of a better story pitch than Loki hanging out in 19th century London and solving a series of murders that appear to be caused by magic? I’d be hard pressed. It’s the perfect cross between The Gentleman’s Guide to Vice and Virtue and Thor: Ragnarok and worth checking out if you love either of those. On the surface level, it’s a fun ride but also has serious moments, particularly when Loki questions how he could be in control of who he becomes when nobody gives him the chance to change. â€"Andy Winder Love Thy Neighbor: A Muslim Doctors Struggle for Home in Rural America  by Ayaz Virji Political impact is often measured in polls and statistics and reflected in headlines or cable news segments. Often, those things lose the deeply personal experiences that tie people to the political world. In Love Thy Neighbor, Ayaz Virgi deftly and painfully illustrates, though his story, the way some people disassociate their political and voting decisions from the impact those decisions have on their friends and neighbors. The book is a quick read, but Virgi’s experience and insight stayed with me long after I finished it. â€"Trisha Brown My Past is a Foreign Country by Zeba Talkhani Growing up as a Muslim girl of Indian descent in Saudi Arabia, Zeba felt like an outsider. She knew she didn’t agree with ideals that told women to unconditionally accept the paths laid out for them. Between limiting cultural expectations and criticism from her extended family due to early hair loss, she knew she wanted something different for herself. Pushing the boundaries imposed on her, she finds a way out by attending college in India and then Germany (and ultimately, marrying on her own terms!). With distance in both proximity and time, Zeba is able to talk about her experiences in a way that is critical, while still being compassionate about the culture she comes from. My Past is a Foreign Country is a testimony to the power of hope and steadfastness in ones beliefs. â€"Sophia LeFevre Natalie Tan’s Book Of Luck And Fortune by Roselle Lim I have never quite read a book quite like Natalie Tan’s Book Of Luck and Fortune before. It’s a novel about grief, family, culture, but most of all…food! The way Natalie Tan draws connections between food and culture is amazing. It’s a book that makes you realise just how important food really is to culture. The way food sustains and maintains cultures and brings families together. In Natalie Tan, it’s food with a magic touch, that has the ability to save Natalie’s neighbourhood, and by extension all the relationships existent in that neighbourhood. Written in beautiful and lyrical prose, Natalie Tan’s Book Of Luck and Fortune is a stunning novel…which will leave you craving all of the dishes and recipes included in the book. â€"Adiba Jaigirdar The Nickel Boys by Colson Whitehead In this sparse, harrowing, and (in my opinion) basically perfect novel, Whitehead delves into the bleak history of a brutal, racist and deeply unjust reform school in Florida. It’s the story of Elwood, an idealist teenager sent to the school in the 1960s in the midst of the civil rights movement. It’s a hard novel to read, but it is beautifully written and full of characters I cared for so deeply that it was impossible to stop reading, even when I wanted to. This book is layers upon layers upon layers; it’s short, but it has a massive impact. It’s been a long time since I read a novel that deals with the complexities of identity so truthfully, and with such deftness. I was blown away by every word. â€"Laura Sackton Ninth House by Leigh Bardugo (Flatiron Books, October 8, 2019) Admittedly, I was worried the hype around Ninth House would place the bar too high for me to enjoy it. After turning the last page, I closed the book and put my head in my hands, huffing out a breath of awe and relief. Everything you’ve heard is true: Leigh Bardugo’s first adult fantasy novel is a triumph. It follows Galaxy “Alex” Stern as she’s thrown into the world of the occult and magic in Yale’s secret societies. Alex has a gift, and she’s offered a second chance at life to become a member of Lethe (i.e. the ninth house) after being the sole survivor of a multiple homicide. As a member of Lethe, she helps oversee the rituals, magic, and conduct of Yale’s other eight societies, and let’s just say the shit hits the fan real quick. Ninth House is dark, haunting, the magic system is incredibly detailed, and Bardugo layers a world that I simultaneously want to dive into and stay far away from. Please note: this book is nothing like her young adult Grishaverse books and may not be suitable for everyone. It delves deep into trauma and includes sexual assault, drug use, suicide, gore, murder, and many forms of violence. â€"Lyndsie Manusos The Old Woman and the River , tr. Sophia Vasalou (Interlink Books, October 16, 2019) I read a lot of fantastic books these last few months, but this one leaps out as a favorite because of how sweet it is. I laughed, I cried, I wanted to take Um Qasem out of the book and hug her. The novel is set in the early 1980s, at the outset of the Iran-Iraq war, and Um Qasem’s village is near the border. She is evacuated along with her large and loving extended family, and they actually do OK in their new life in Najaf. But in proper wise-fool, Don Quixote style, she takes one of the family donkeys (named “Good Omen”) and heads back toward her village, evading military patrols and sleeping rough along the way. Sophia Vasalou’s translation pitches the wise-naif voice of the narration just right, and the only thing I don’t like is the title in English. Although I see that the name of the villageâ€"al-Sabiliatâ€"wouldn’t necessarily say much to the Anglophone reader. Anyhow: BEG BORROW BUY. â€"M. Lynx Qualey On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous by Ocean Vuong Written as a series of unread letters, Vuong details parts of his life he has never told his mother. Vuong takes the best parts of poetry and prose and writes a story that is deeply relatable, even to those that may not share parts of Vuong’s identity (e.g., growing up in a non-diverse part of the U.S. as a queer Vietnamese American). My brother and I have very different tastes in books, particularly writing style, yet we both agreed this was among the best books we’ve read this year. â€"Linh Anh Cat Red at the Bone by Jacqueline Woodson When a teenage girl gets pregnant, two families are unexpectedly thrown together and forced to face their differences in social class, education, and ambition. As the narrative moves between generations and decades, it explores the expectations placed on youth and the big decisions we must make before we even know who we are. Reading Jacqueline Woodson is a physical experience; every word hits you in a different place. Her ability to travel between middle grade, YA, and adult worlds is truly incredible. In all of her writing, Woodson finds new and unexpected ways to explore growing up and relating the self to the world around us. Red at the Bone is phenomenal and unforgettable. I already look forward to reading it again. â€"Susie Dumond So You Want to Start a Podcast: Finding Your Voice, Telling Your Story, and Building a Community That Will Listen by Kristen Meinzer The publisher offered me a copy of this audiobook and it was one of those perfect storm situations where it turned out to be just the book I needed at that moment, even though I wouldn’t have guessed. I’m working on launching a new project that is not a podcast, but so much of this was applicable to my project and helped me solidify and shape my project. I appreciated the comprehensive overview of a variety of topicsâ€" including booking guests, whether or not to have a co-host, marketing, and even if this is the right format for what you want to doâ€"interwoven with behind-the-scenes insights and a huge dose of encouragement. â€"Sarah Nicolas Spellbound: A Paranormal Historical Romance (Magic in Manhattan Book 1) by Allie Therin The first book in Allie Therin’s Magic in Manhattan series is so good that I’m still thinking about it two months later. This is the story of jaded psychometric, Rory, whose reclusive life in an antiques shop cannot keep him from the attention of Arthur, mortal, protector of supernatural folks like Rory, and all-around super cute good guy. He’s rich, too. That’s a lot of reasons for Rory not to trust Arthur, or his feelings for Arthur, or the powerful magic that Arthur is trying to protect him from. But when an amulet comes into New York City that could flood the city and cost countless lives, Arthur enlists Rory’s help. Their bond is emotional, physical, and magical, and both men will risk everything to save the ones they love. Here’s the thing: Arthur and Rory are adorable. The entire cast of characters is fun and mystical and sassy. The stakes are so high, and I cannot wait to see where Allie takes the series next. Read this one; you won’t regret it. â€"Dana Staves The Starless Sea by Erin Morgenstern (Doubleday, November 5, 2019) This book easily in my top five most anticipated books of 2019 and I nearly died of happiness when I managed to snag a copy at BookExpo this past May. Erin Morgernstern’s second novel has all of the magic you fell in love with in The Night Circus and then some. One of the easiest 5-star ratings I’ve ever given. When Zachary Ezra Rawlins comes across a title-less book in his school library, he’s captivated by a story inside…a story from his own childhood when he missed his chance to go through a magical door. Zachary begins to investigate the mystery of the bookâ€"a journey that ultimately leads him to a place hidden far beneath the Earth’s surface, a place called The Starless Sea. And the love storyâ€"OH the love story is beautiful and heartbreaking and all of the adjectives. This book is pure magic. Just add it to your TBRs, you will not regret it. â€"Kate Krug The Swan Gondola by Timothy Schaffert I’m not one for love stories, usually, and the more romantic, the more likely I am to barf, but this love story…well, this one is different for me. It starts with a ventriloquist in a hot air balloon as it crashes on a farmhouse, and we learn that he’s stolen it from the World’s Fair in Omaha. The narrative backtracks as he tells about the vaudeville actress he fell in love with, how he won her, and how he came to be in that balloon. If you love gritty stories that are also full of whimsy, this novel is THE ONE. (And that’s a hard balance to strike, I might add!) â€"Mary Kay McBrayer There’s Something About Sweetie by Sandya Menon Fat, athletic, confident YA heroine with a romance plot line? I was 101% sure I was going to love this companion novel to When Dimple Met Rishi. And I was right. When Sweetie’s mom turns down Ashish’s mom’s request to introduce the high schoolers because of her weight, Sweetie makes a plan to become sassy Sweetie. This involves texting Ashish, challenging him to a race, and covertly starting to date him. Ashish is getting over his first heartbreak and has always resisted his parents desire for him to date an Indian American girl. But when he meets Sweetie, he’s instantly attracted to her appearance and personality. These teens have a lot of obstacles to fall in love, but both can tell there’s something special about their relationship. And their journey is so funny, sweet, and romantic to read about! â€"Alison Doherty The Time Traveler’s Wife by Audrey Niffenegger Honestly speaking, I only read this book after seeing it on several lists of the worst adaptations because in my world, bad adaptations make for juicy rants and delicious hot takes. Another aspect that had me doubting I would enjoy this book was the cover along with parts of the book blurb like “Clare…and Henry…who have known each other since Clare was six and Henry was 36, and were married when Clare was 23 and Henry 31.” Was this book going to be about some creepy time traveling man grooming a young girl? I am happy to report this story contains no such R. Kelly antics. The Time Traveler’s Wife is an unorthodox yet relatable love story that makes science fiction feel realistic. Although I was not a fan of the book’s ending, the story was engaging from beginning to end, and I sacrificed precious sleep on many nights because I could not put this book down! If you want to read a classic boy meets girl story with a twist, then The Time Traveler’s Wife is for you. Just sta y away from the adaptation. It’s hot garbage. â€"Katisha Smith Trick Mirror: Reflections on Self-Delusion by Jia Tolentino Jia Tolentino knocked it out of the park with her first essay collection on all things related to growing up on the internet. From Barre to reality TV to athleisure to weddings, she has a feminist take. She meanders around topics, going on tangents here and there, but always comes back to the main point with a deep thoughtfulness. And here’s the thing: Even those tangents are brilliant. I’ll read anything she writesâ€"anythingâ€"from here on out. Please do yourself a favor and get the audiobook of Trick Mirror. Tolentino has a soothing voice, and her sighs when she talks about the United States government are somehow comforting. â€"Ashley Holstrom Trust Exercise by Susan Choi Set in a performing arts high school and focusing on the lives of several disgruntled theatre students, Trust Exercise follows the budding romance of two freshmen, Sarah and David, and the unsettling ways in which their acting teacher, Mr. Kingsley, stirs the pot between them. The story is fairly straightforward, but the way Choi structured the novel is not. Split into three distinct parts, Trust Exercise shifts narrators and points of view, uses pseudonyms and obfuscates character traits, and creates layers of a meta-fictionalized narrative and what “really” happens. It’s a dizzying read, in a satisfying way. â€"D.R. Baker The Witches Are Coming by Lindy West (Hachette Books, November 5th, 2019) I devoured Lindy West’s collection of essays in three daysâ€"and I’m a slow reader who frequently loses focus because of a compulsion to check Twitter. I’ll confess, I haven’t yet read Shrill. I settled on marathoning the TV show of the same name and was instantly captivated by the character (based on West). After watching, I knew I had to read her book if I got the chance. The book made me simultaneously laugh out loud and want to pull my hair out. West’s snappy writing is funny but full of anger, and I felt myself instantly sucked in. Unfortunately, while I want to mail this book to everyone I know, I’m worried that the people who should read won’t ever get around to it. If you’re mad about the patriarchy, intolerance, and rampant misogyny in America, I highly recommend The Witches Are Coming even if you need to scream into your pillow after each chapter. â€"Steph Coelho With the Fire on High by Elizabeth Acevedo Acevedo’s The Poet X was one of my favorite books last year and I was thrilled to read more from her. With the Fire on High did not disappoint. This is the story of Emoni, a teen mom finishing high school with her grandmother’s support and love. She’s working hard, nurturing her passion for cooking, and trying to be the best mom she can be to her baby girl. But graduation is nearing and she has some big decisions to make about her future. This book was heartwarming and real, truly capturing the joys and stresses of the teenage years. I listened to the audiobook, which is narrated by the author, and it was absolutely fantastic. I will listen to anything Acevedo writes or reads. â€"Heather Bottoms Your House Will Pay by Steph Cha (Ecco, October 15, 2019) If you’re a crime reader, and fan of exceptional writers like Attica Locke, I recommend picking this one up knowing as little as possible. I read so much in this genre that catching me by surprise just doesn’t really happen but Steph Cha managed to get me to loud-whisper “holy shit!” With great writing and nuance Cha explores revenge, our injustice system, family, racism, generational violence, anger, and unhealed emotional wounds. Set in present day, built upon the pain and violence of the 1992 L.A. riots, this is one of the year’s best crime novels, and not one to miss. â€"Jamie Canavés Enjoy, and tell us on Twitter and Facebook about the highlight of your recent reading!

The Social And Multicultural Differences Of The Movie ...

â€Å"Crash† has many kinds of social and multicultural differences. The movie shows us how they affect our society. The two major behaviors observed are Prejudice and Stereotyping. These are identified as the causes of the events in the movie. The three main topics of this essay are, what do they say about the people who subscribe to them?, what are stereotypes?, and how have stereotypes affected your life (either by placing them on others or having them placed on you)? These all play a major role in the movie. What do they say about the people who subscribe them? In my opinion, stereotyping is just people assuming things about other people that they do not even know. Its like saying, one has never met an Arab or a Muslim before and one says that, â€Å"All Arabs and Muslims are terrorists†. People say â€Å"All children hate healthy food†, which is not true at all. Healthy green foods are what I loved to eat when I was younger. I eat them every day and still en joy them, and I always will. People also say that â€Å"Blondes are unintelligent† which is not true, I know some very intelligent blondes. They are just assuming that all blonds are dumb. In my opinion stereotyping is a bad habit to start. Stereotyping people can hurt them very badly. I’ve seen some people cry when others stereotype them. Stereotyping isn’t nice, but apparently to some people it is. Stereotyping could be considered a form of bullying and one can get in a lot of trouble when one bully nowadays. There has been peopleShow MoreRelatedCrash Movie Review1215 Words   |  5 Pageswhen making an opinion about a person. The movie Crash shows the authenticity of how people negatively stereotype each other’s race and ethnicity. It also shows how people are racist towards each other because of their different race. Stereotypes and mistrust are considered to be barriers that inhibit interracial relationships among people. Crash is a movie that shows acts about racism and stereotypes within the United States. The first scene is the car crash involving Ria, Jennifer Esposito, and anRead MoreA Sociological Concept Of The Movie Crash894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe guiding principal that attempts to explain and predict the social world in which we live. The movie Crash illustrates through the use of graphic dialogue and cinematography, the seemingly endless and controversial struggles faced by today s stereotypes. These people all have different cultures, ethnicities, and backgrounds and are all brought together by issues of racial discrimination because of their differences. In the movie, all the characters are either victims of prejudice and discriminationRead MoreCrash, By Paul Haggis1060 Words   |  5 Pages Crash is a film that takes place in Los Angeles and explores race, class division and, stereotypes in an American society that urges us to believe in the concept that every stranger is a potential enemy. The title of the film â€Å"Crash† is used to describe several car crashes that take place throughout the film. However, in a more subjective perspective, the word â€Å"crash† guide us in a explorative journey about how various racial/ethnic groups, Latino/as, African Americans, European Americans, and AsianRead MoreAnalysis Of Let s Talk About Racism Essay1784 Words   |  8 Pagesaversion to difference that has been passed down from our ancestors. Rick Wormeli in â€Å"Let’s Talk About Racism in Schools† argues â€Å"The violence among U.S. residents of different colors, cultures, religions, and political groups has heated to new levels. Social media may have exacerbated the divisive rhetoric and fanned the flames of hatred more than in past decades, but the intense distrust and contempt, and the inability to resolve these feelings in a civil manner, didn’t start with social media. TheyRead MoreThe Diversity Management Core Competencies Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesThe two core competencies that have decide to write about are individual differences and leadership. These are two competencies that are extremely important on a daily basis, especially in the workplace. Individual differences are the variations from different individuals, such as culture, personality, perception, demographic factors, skills, and attitudes. It is important for individual differences to be recognized and taken into consideration when it comes to managing any organization. LeadershipRead MoreAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 Pagesintercultural communication they can unknowingly cause confusion and misunderstandings. For these intercultural businesses to breach the cultural barriers encountered when steppi ng into foreign grounds it is vital for them to fully understand the cultural differences that exist so as to prevent damaging business relations due to intercultural communication gaps. There are many theories that set principles to help interpret the basis of intercultural communication. These theories help to iron out possible ripplesRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesTopics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource leveling 7.2 Setting a cost and time baseline schedule (1.3.5) [8.1.3] 6.5.2.3 CriticalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManagement Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer ServiceRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesworld? How can companies renew and sustain those factors in the face of the business slowdowns and major fluctuations that challenge the longterm continuation of profitable earnings? As we continue to experience the twenty-first century’s economic, social, and political churning, how will these driving factors be influenced by the brutally competitive global economy in which organizations do not have any particular geographic identity or travel under any particular national passport? What will be theRead MoreUAE Consumer Lifestyle Analysis42818 Words   |  172 Pagesdeadline. A survey conducted by YouGov Siraj reported that 80% of â€Å"netizens† checked manufacturers’ websites before buying a product, while 70% conducted online review searches. Forty-one percent had some contact with their favourite brands through social media while 65% did the same through e-mail. Outlook Internet retailing is still a small retail distribution channel in the UAE. On the other hand, the household penetration rate of broadband internet-enabled computers is expected to grow quickly

The Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women - 2258 Words

Discuss the impact and possible effects of witnessing domestic violence as a child. Use psychological theory to explain your answer. Research has continuously shown that men are the primary perpetrators of violence and women being the victims which has led to increased awareness of the effects of Domestic violence on women. However, what researchers have failed to acknowledge is that women too can be perpetrators of violence and abuse against their partners and children (World Health Organisation, 2012). Although women can sometimes be violent in relationships with men, however the most common perpetrators of violence against women are male intimate partners or ex-partners (World Health Organisation 2012). According to UNICEF (2006) research on effects of domestic violence on women are well known, on the other hand there is not enough research on the effects of Domestic violence when witnessed by children. Therefore researchers have developed models such as attachment theory and social learning theory to offer an understanding of how witnessing domestic violence as a child affects one’s well-being. Attachment theory reinforces the responsibility adults have to protect and provide a sense of security for their children and if the bond is not formed, the child is most likely to be affected emotionally and psychologically (Hyde-Nolan and Juliao N.D). Social learning theory on the other hand suggests that individuals learn social behaviours observing and imitating other peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1652 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is present in all regions of the world regardless of race, culture, or religion. It is not uncommon for men to experience spousal abuse. However, in reality abuse done by men towards women is a much more common occurrence. Men often abuse women as a result of negative domestic relationships experienced during childhood, the feeling of inadequacy and mental illness. However, the leading cause for this behaviour is the feeling of inferiority and the need to exert power. StereotypicallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1654 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Violence against women has been recognised internationally by the world Health Organization (WHO, 2013).Women has been facing different types of violence since the age of 15 such as physical, emotional or verbal abuse. The highest prevalence of domestic violence (DV) is from their intimate partner/perpetrator both physical emotional (WHO, 2013). It has been depicted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2013) that rate of domestic violence against women by their intimateRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1601 Words   |  7 Pagesquestions that women who suffer from domestic violence ask themselves everyday. Thousands of women every year face abuse from their male partners. It is estimated that three women a day are murdered in the US everyday by a current or past male partner (Huffington Post), therefore proving that an argument between two people in love can result in more than just heartbreak. Partner abuse against women is an epidemic that needs to be addressed. Domestic violence is a very serious issue that women face in modernRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1599 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is a large social issue around the world that is commonly associated with the mistreatment of women. However, there are many different forms of domestic violence that affect men, women, and children (Domestic Violence 1). Victims of domestic violence may suffer not only physically, but emotionally and mentally as well. Domestic violence is a very important social issue because it negatively affects both the abuser and the victim. In the article, â€Å"Domestic Violence and Abuse: TypesRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesaddressed the domestic violence and continue to persist as a social problem affecting a large number of Canadian Women. The authors are trying to answer this question giving some statistics, how the women are abused from their partner, such as the violence reported when the relationship is ended, and is some other case the violence starts after the separation. Furth more the authors mention another key answer that I think could be a question, is what are the effects of domestic violence? Alaggia, RegehrRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1362 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is a sensitive topic even though media and society are providing more information about this topic. Domestic violence not only affects women but children and family in general. This issue is a very sensitive topic and not a lot of individuals are comfortable talking about it or sharing if they have either experience or have someone in their lives that had been subjected to abuse. Sadly, domestic violence is experienced by many people and it does not matter what race, gender, socialRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women889 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence can often go unnoticed, unreported and undeterred before it’s too late. Unfortunately, recent awareness efforts have gathered traction only when public outcry for high pro file cases are magnified through the media. Despite this post-measured reality, a general response to domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) by the majority of the public is in line with what most consider unacceptable and also with what the law considers legally wrong. Consider by many, moreRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1183 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom there. Everyone in a homebound affiliation is at risk of obtaining a violent status. Domestic violence has had the grandest impact on women. It can be found all over the world, within various countries. Domestic violence has a harsh, negative, and destructive influence on women; domestic violence can lead to emotional, physical, and psychological damage. Domestic violence is defined as an act of violence within the household. The aforementioned is one of the most underestimated and underreportedRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence Towards Women2023 Words   |  9 Pages Domestic violence towards women is a problem that is often overlooked by society. Violence is defined in Webster s Dictionary as: â€Å" Physical force employed so as to damage or injure. As an instance of violent action.† (Webster) If this is the case, then why is it that so many women are beaten by loved ones each year? And little or nothing is done to correct this violent situation? A battered woman is pictured by most people as a small and flimsy person who might once have been pretty. SheRead MorePhysical and Psychological Effects of Domestic Violence on Women1593 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women in the United States† (Jones 87). Every twelve seconds, a woman is beaten by a man (Jones 6). Every nine days, a woman is murdered by her husband or boyfriend (Jones 7). Statistics like these outline the severity and seriousness of the domestic violence epidemic in this country. Unfortunately, it has taken lawmakers too long to recognize domestic violence as a devastating situation that affects millions of people both physically

Preliminary Study on Tactics of Translating Film’s Subtitles Free Essays

Preliminary Study on Tactics of Translating Film’s Subtitles Abstract This essay firstly gives a brief introduction of the status quo of subtitling practice. By elaborating the characteristics and functions of subtitling translation, analyzing the time and space constraints by using concrete examples exerted from Forrest Gump, Waterloo Bridges, Friends, Rain Man, Shrek, You’ve Got Mail, Liar Liar, Mind of Beauty, Schidle’s List, Pride and Prejudice, American Beauty, Out of Africa, After the Sunset for illustration, the author puts forward six workable strategies for subtitling translation, namely, the avoidance of mistakes on common sense, the application of condensation, due attention of cultural factors, the adoption of colloquial words with natural and fluent tone,the achievement of harmony between speed and visual pictures, good consideration of context. Finally, the importance of improving translation skills and work ethic of subtitle translators is high lightened with the hope for perfecting the subtitle translator’s practice in an efficient way. We will write a custom essay sample on Preliminary Study on Tactics of Translating Film’s Subtitles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Key words: subtitling; characteristics; constraints; strategies; subtitle translators Preliminary Study on Tactics of Translating Film’s Subtitles Outline Thesis Statement: Translation of film’s subtitles, which plays a very important role in cross-cultural communication, is noteworthy of due attention in order to convey the accurate meaning of the original films to its audience. ?. Introduction: The Status Quo, Characteristics, and Functions of Subtitling Translation ?. Two Limiting Factors of Subtitling Translation A. Time Constraint in Subtitling Translation B. Space Constraint in Subtitling Translation ?. Tactics Drew From the Analysis of Some Movies A. The Avoidance of Mistakes on Common Sense B. The Application of Condensation C. Due Attention of Cultural Factors D. The Adoption of Colloquial Words with Natural and Fluent Speed E. The Achievement of Harmony between Speed and Visual Pictures F. Good Consideration of Context ?. Conclusion Preliminary Study on Tactics of Translating Film’s Subtitles ?. Introduction A. The Status Quo of Subtitling Translation With the widening opening-up and deepening reformation as well as the increasing contact with other countries, English original films become more and more popular in our entertainment industry. When Americans are crazy with The Lord of the Rings, laughing with Shrek, arguing about Fahrenheit 9/11, and holding their breath at appreciating Spider-man, Chinese people also want to have a comprehensive understanding of them. However, not all Chinese people could understand English, so they have to turn to subtitles to gain a sense of satisfaction. Therefore, subtitling translation, which plays a very important role in cross-cultural communication, is noteworthy of due attention in order to convey the accurate meaning of the original films to its audience. B. Characteristics of Subtitling Translation Subtitles are the words that printed at the bottom part of the screen in the form of target language, following the sound of source language. Nedegaard-Larsen, Birgit once put subtitling translation as a type of special language conversion: the condensed written translation of the original oral speech. 1 Shuttleworth and Cowie also put it in this way—subtitling translation was a process which provides simultaneous instruction to the verbal activities happened in films and television programs. Gottieb once concluded the features of subtitling translation into five aspects: 1) written 2) addible 3) instantaneous 4) simultaneous 5) multimedia. 3 And personally speaking, there are at least three apparent features: 1. Proper cond ensation of original context: When a film is going, its viewers need to have heed of the subtitles while listening the original sound and appreciating the animated pictures. So subtitling translation not only needs accuracy, but also has to attach equal importance to the density of words in each line and the actor’s speaking speed, of which the complexity can be adjusted in accordance with the viewer acceptance. Therefore, proper condensation becomes the key point of subtitling translation. Let’s take a short conversation in Friends as an example, Rachel said: â€Å"Chandler, I gotta tell you, I love your mom’s books! I love her books! I cannot get on a plane without one†. The original subtitle translation goes like this: â€Å" ,!! , ,! † Although we can sense the literary beauty in it, we also can condense it into a better express way like â€Å" ,!! † 2. Conversion from written speech to colloquial form: Usually, the subtitles only stay on the screen for only a very little while. To make sure that the viewer can grasp the main idea easily, the style of the translated version should avoid unreadibility. So the control of oralization and readability outshine other factors. The translation of subtitles should to most extent choose oral and easy-understanding words and phrases, avoiding redundant words, repetitive expressions much foreignized set phrases and idioms as well as foreign allusions that Chinese people cannot understand. The sentence should not be tedious and lengthy, but be simple and easy-understanding, also the translation should avoid parenthesis, gerunds and clauses. 3. Being compatible with multimedia: For ordinary written works, information can be conveyed only through the form of characters, while for subtitles, it can convey the message altogether with visual information (movie pictures) and sound information (original sound, music and other stage sounds). Therefore, when the subtitles fail to convey the exact meaning, its viewers can get information from extra-linguistic message. Let’s take â€Å"Shrek† for example, Shrek’s anger can be shown by contorted face; Princess Fiona’s tenderness and kindness can be shown through her gentle smile; the subtle effect can be sensed through its beautiful or soft or exciting music. All of these important extra-linguistic messages can be expressed by mere written characters, and these messages can aid subtitles to bring its functions into full play. C. Functions of Subtitling Translation When mentioning the functions of subtitling translation, usually I would like to conclude them into the following points: 1) Subtitling translation can facilitate its viewers to maximize their understanding to the original films. Because many Chinese viewers cannot understand English, they need some facilitating tools to help them to comprehend and appreciate them. After trying many methods, researchers find that subtitle is a very effective way to achieve this. It can convey the maximum message to the audience. 2) Subtitling translation serves as an aid to visual pictures and sound effect. Subtitle is a type of special conversion between translation and consecutive interpretation. Because in simultaneous interpretation and translation, readers and listeners receive the message in a constant way, while in consecutive interpretation, a time difference exists in the process, which is like the subtitle translation’s function in movies. And for subtitle, it must work with pictures and sounds when conveying its information, and in this process, viewers need to scan one line and then another to grasp the main idea, also a time difference happens, but this difference is much shorter than that in consecutive interpretation. 3) Subtitling translation can help its movie viewers to appreciate the original impact brought by the genuine effect. Viewers need just have a glimpse of the subtitles appearing at the bottom part of the screen while listening the original sound. 4) Good subtitling translation can be a good way for people to learn English. When people listen to English, they can see the Chinese. In the process, they may not only improve their English listening proficiency, but also enhance their English translation skills. ?. Limiting Factors of Subtitling Translation A. Time Constraint in Subtitling Translation Time constraint means that the picture movement and sound effect should be mutually accordant. Although film subtitle is not so strict as film dubbing, it should also convey the exact meaning by using the similar amount of time as it is used in source language. Furthermore, subtitle should stay on the screen long enough for viewers to scan. Usually, the time is not less than two seconds and not more than seven seconds (except for song lyrics). If translators ignore the time constraint in subtitling translation, some troubles might be caused for viewers to gain a total understanding. So specifically, sometimes translators need to use condensation and colloquial words to achieve the time harmony with other factors, such as the background music, characters’ facial expressions and so forth. B. Space Constraint in Subtitling Translation Space constraint means that the words and punctuations of subtitle appeared on the screen at one time should not be too many. According to Gottlieb’s study, the words appeared in each line of the subtitle are not more than thirty-five, and at most, two lines can be on at the same time. Therefore, if the subtitles in original movies are very long, the translators should adopt the condensation of words in order to present the viewers the proper and complete meaning within a limited space on the screen. For these part, the detailed the expatiation will be unfolded in the following strategies. ?. Workable Strategies Dealing With the Above Constraints A. The Avoidance of Mistakes on Common Sense Example1: — Is there a Mr. Gump, Mrs. Gump? — He is on vocation. (Chosen from Forrest Gump) The second sentence is Forrest Gump’s mother’s euphemistic response to the school’s principal’s question. In this sentence, â€Å"on vocation† dose not mean Forrest Gump’s father was really having a vocation or holiday, but means Forrest Gump’s father was dead. So when translating this phrase, translators should do a careful consideration, avoiding mistranslation in order to convey the exact meaning to its appreciators. Therefore, I personally think this sentence can be translated into â€Å" † instead of â€Å" †. Example 2: Myra: Nice of you to come and see me. Roy: Not at all. (Chosen from Waterloo Bridge) This concise dialogue shows that the two major characters are very excited at meeting each other, while the subtitles in aversion are â€Å" † â€Å" †, which obviously are very confusing. However, in another version, the translation is â€Å" ,! † â€Å" †. I think the latter translation is much better. Example 3: Myra: †¦ What the time is it? Kitty: It’s†¦ er†¦ almost eleven. Chosen from Waterloo Bridge) Kitty’s answer is very simple, but the subtitle is â€Å" †, and I think this trivial mistranslation is caused by translator’s carelessness, which seems to be a little bit irresponsible. Example 4: Joey: I gotta tell you. You’re the best in the business. Girl: Get out. (Chosen from Friends) The translation of â€Å" Get out† in the subtitle is â€Å" †, which is really absurd. Suppose we put it in this way, that means when the girl heard Joey’s praise to her, she did not say â€Å"thanks† to show her politeness, contrarily she asked Joey to leave, which is not proper in that context. Also, this scene happened on the platform, where there was no door, how a person could get out. So I think â€Å" Get out† should be translated into â€Å" † rather than â€Å" †. Example 5: I’m ready to pop. (Chosen from Liar Liar) The subtitle of this actor’s lines in a version is â€Å" †, which is really weird and makes the audience puzzled. In fact, this sentence is the person’s response to the waiter, and it is a kind of euphemistic refusal. So it should be translated into â€Å" † or â€Å" †. So to conclude, Chinese is a parataxis language while English is a hypo-taxis language, so the rooting solution of mistranslation is that the subtitle translators should have a good command of English and Chinese. B. The Application of Condensation Because of the space constraint, sometimes subtitles should be condensed and translators may eliminate some parts which can be easily sensed through the movie’s context. But this elimination should be proper and correct. Example 1: Momma always says there’s an awful lot you could tell about a person by their shoes. (Chosen from Forrest Gump) Subtitle: â€Å" , , †. Personally speaking, this Chinese translation seems a little bit long, and we might have a try to condense it into â€Å" , †. I think â€Å" , † is better than â€Å" , , †. Also the modified translation could achieve the beautiful effect which is similar to a movie’s name Scent of Women ( ). Example 2: I turn on my computer, I wait impatiently as it connects, I go on line and my breath catches in my chest until I hear the three little words: â€Å"You’ve got mail! † I hear nothing, not even a sound on the streets of New York, just the beat of my own heart. I have mail! From you! † (Chosen from You’ve Got Mail) Subtitle: â€Å" , , , ‘ ’ , , , , ,!! † In this translation, two places applied condensation. 1) â€Å"You’ve got mail†. If we translate this sentence according to its literal meaning of each word, then the translation could be â€Å" †, but apparently, compared with the first translation â€Å" , the second one is inferior, because in the original speech, there is a clue â€Å" three little words†. So eliminating â€Å" ? † and translating it into â€Å" † is quite splendid. 2) â€Å"I have mail! From you! † Translating it into â€Å" ! † is much better tha n translating it into â€Å" ! †, following the original order of each word. Furthermore, the original translation can give a vivid description of the major female character’s eager and excitement. Example 3: Shrek: It’s on my to do list now, come on! Fiona: But this isn’t right. You’re meant to charge in, sword drop, banner flying, that’s what all other knights did. (Chosen from Shrek) Subtitle: â€Å" ,! † â€Å" , , , ,. † Suppose we modified the former part into â€Å" , † or â€Å" , †, it would be concise and natural to Chinese viewers. Then we might adjust the latter part’s order into â€Å" , , †. Put them together and we get the translation â€Å" , † â€Å" , , †. I think the modified translation would express its meaning in a concise way. And also it can keep the original animated sense. Therefore, in order to employ the tactic of condensation freely, the subtitle translators should comprehend the English and Chinese completely. English is a kind of hypo- taxis language while Chinese is a parataxis one. So when translating English into Chinese, translators should omit such unnecessary parts as some conjunctions. C. Due Attention of Cultural Factors In the source language, unavoidably there are many culture-loaded words containing special cultural meaning which cannot be easily sensed by its readers. These culture-loaded words, coming from religious books, historical stories or literature works and so forth, which are not familiar to its target language readers, sometimes may cause cultural clash and cultural vacuum. Considering the space constraint, adding notes is not feasible. So at this time, subtitle translators should adopt â€Å" liberal translation† on the basis of comprehending the cultural factors. Example1: Don’t you take the Lord’s name in vain with me, you understand? (Chosen from Ghost) This sentence is the conjurator Oda Mae’s dissatisfactory response to Sam’s words. And â€Å" in vain† in this sentence was translated into â€Å" †. But this idiom, if we put it into Chinese, means â€Å" †, â€Å" † in this context. This meaning can be dated back to Bible, in which there is a sentence goes â€Å" Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain. †( ). Therefore, the translation there should be modified into â€Å" , Example2: Shall we say swords, gentlemen? Pistols at dawn? (Chosen from Mind of Beauty) This sentence was said by a person who was drinking with his friends and Nash, when a beautiful blond came in, then they began to talk about who had advantage to talk with this girl first. If this sentence is literally translated, it should be â€Å" †, and this sentence is definitely meaningless and will confuse its audience. Actually, this line contains the cultural content that in the middle century in western countries, the upper-class nobles usually gain their lovers by fighting, in which the tools are swords or pistols. We can see obviously this sentence is wisecrack. To make Chinese viewers understand and avoid additional explanation, subtitle translators had better omit the meanings of â€Å" swords† and â€Å" pistols† and translate it into â€Å" , , †. There â€Å" † is quite appropriate, for it can not only express these gentlemen’s meaning, but also keep the original meaning of gaining lovers through swords and pistols. In addition, this translation showcases the theory of functional equivalence proposed by Neda. Example 3: Shrek: What should we do with him? Donkey: Take the sword and neuter him right here. Give him the Bob Barker treatment (Chosen from Shrek) Subtitle: â€Å" † â€Å" , † Bob Barker treatment has something to do with the cultural background. In a famous American entertainment program The Price is Right ( ? ), the host Bob Barker always says â€Å" Help control the population, have your pets sprayed or neutered†( , ) at the end of the program. â€Å"Spray† is used to describe the female one, and â€Å" neuter† the male one. We can see the translation of this dialogue has expressed its cultural content fully. D. Adoption of Colloquial Words Subtitling translation of films is quite different from literature translation. Because when appreciating literature works, readers can adjust their reading speed according to their liking, capability of understanding as well as the works’ degree of complexity. When readers meet uncommon-used words or particular interesting chapters, they could slow down or read them repetitively; when they meet easy or tedious parts, they also could choose to speed up or just omit them. However, when people see movies, they are in the position of being passive, for they are the information receivers. In the process of appreciating a movie, time for digesting subtitles is short, and each scene is closely related, so the translation of subtitles is not allowed to have vague points. To achieve this, subtitle translators should adopt colloquial expressions. Example 1: My house is in the hills above Trujillo. A very simple place†¦ pink stones that warm in the sun†¦ kitchen arden that smells of herbs in the day†¦ jasmine in the evening. Through the gate is giant popular. Figs, apples, pears. The soil, Marcus, black†¦black like my wife’s hair. Grapes on the south slopes, olives on the north. Wild ponies play near my house, they tease my son. He wants to be one of them. (Chosen from Scrapper) Subtitles: â€Å" TRUJILLO , , , , , , † There are three pronouns at the end of this passage— â€Å"they†, â€Å"he† and â€Å"them†. The literal translation of the last sentence is â€Å" , †. Although this sentence is right, the translating accent is very English, and it is not quite acceptable by Chinese people. So the translator changed it into â€Å" , † which sounds natural, colloquial and easy-understanding. E. The Achievement of Harmony between Sounds and Visual Pictures Film is kind of comprehensive art combine with listening and watching. Visual pictures and sounds are mutual complemented to each other. So to achieve the harmony between them is quite essential. Example 1: Lester: So, Janie. How was school? Janie: It’s ok! Lester: Just okay? (dissatisfied) Janie: No, Dad. It was spectacular! (impatient) (Chosen from American Beauty) There â€Å" spectacular† is a relatively longer word, and the Chinese translation is â€Å" † or â€Å" †, but â€Å" † or â€Å" † is a little bit short. When the subtitle has completed displayed to the viewers, the actor could probably not stop moving her lips. So to achieve the agreement, the translation had better be â€Å" †. In addition, â€Å" † also could express Janie’s impatient feeling. Example 2: Ah, there it is. (Chosen from Mind of Beauty) When Nash was playing checks with his rival, several students were watching, and in the end, one of them said that sentence. If we translate it literally, the translation should be â€Å" † which is very vague. And in he movie, we can see, following this sentence, Nash smiled. So this sentence contains the hidden meaning that Nash would win the competition. So, if we translate it into â€Å" ? , †, then it will be more accordant with the picture ( Nashâ€⠄¢s smile). F. Good Consideration of Context Each exciting moment in film is established through dialogues, and their meanings should be coherent, so the context of film stands in an important position. Subtitle translators should know the actors’ purpose very well through the context. Only thus could the translated subtitles be understood by the viewers. Example 1: Go to the mattress. (Chosen from You’ve Got Mail) This sentence is originated from the actor’s line in movie The Godfather, and it means that it is the time for fighting, because this scene happened in the context that the sinister gang would sleep together temporarily on several beds before fighting in the next day. Therefore, the translation of this should be â€Å" †. But if the subtitle translators don not know its origination, they are likely to put it into the way of â€Å" †, which is really ridiculous and probably cause misunderstanding to its viewers about the two major characters’ relationship. Example 2: Karen: And you? How is it with the fighting? Denys: Were taking a beating. It’s likely to last for a while. (Chosen from Out of Africa) A translation version for this dialogue is â€Å" † â€Å" , †. In this version, the translation â€Å" † for â€Å" taking a beating† is not proper, though from the literal meaning, it is accordant with the later part â€Å" It’s likely to last for a while†. However, if we do a careful analysis, we will find Denys’ answer is not acceptable to Karen’s question. Because Karen asked Denys how the fighting was going on, and she needs a description, while Denys just answered Karen there was a beating. In our daily life, we don not answer others’ questions in this way. In fact, â€Å" taking a beating† is an English idiom, and it means â€Å" difficult to surpass†, so why don’t we translate it in this way â€Å" , †. I think it will be much better. There are many such kind of examples. Now let me compare a word’s meaning in different context. 1) Schidle: Well, I’m a German. All right, you’ve done it. A good company, you think? Stern: Modestly successful! (Chosen from Schindle’s List) There â€Å" good company† can be translated it into â€Å" †, but â€Å" ? † can be divided into many aspects. According to Schidle’s reply and his identity as a businessman, it is not hard to sense his purpose that he wanted to know whether this company was profitable or not. So I think the translation had better be â€Å" ? , , † â€Å" †. 2) Stern: You stand in the line or there, but there is no good. Chosen from Schindle’s List) â€Å" no good† in Chinese means â€Å" †, but according to the situation then— Jews wanted to find a job in Schidle’s factory, but without blue cards, they cannot get any job there, so Stern said to one of the J ews that sentence. Considering all these, I think we can change â€Å" † into another expression like â€Å" , †. 3) Goeth: You want to say where you are. You’ve got things going on the side, things are good, you don’t want anybody telling you what to do— I can understand all that, didn’t I? (Chosen from Schindle’s List) This scene happened in this context: Goeth was a bad guy who always kills people. He thought Schindle wanted to build a small camp by employing Jews, so he thought Schindle would turn to him for help. Then he said the sentence above. According to the movie’s content, we know â€Å"thing† means â€Å"establishing a small camp† there, so â€Å"good† means â€Å"profitable†. Then the subtitle could be translated as â€Å" , , , , † 4) Darcy: But that was what she liked. People flatter her so much she enjoys an occasional change. Lizzy: I’m afraid I gave her a good change this afternoon. (Chosen from Pride and Prejudice) According to the movie’s content, we know that Darcy’s aunt is a person who likes other’s flattery. Lizzy’s reply is an irony. I once saw a kind of translation in a version was â€Å" †, in which the translation of â€Å" good† is liberal. This translation did not keep the original speaking tone of the speaker, and could not show Lizzy’s smartness and character. So I suggest this translation be changed into â€Å" †. All in all, subtitling translation should be connected with the film’s different context. Then only do so, can it convey the genuine meaning to its viewers. ?. Conclusion In consideration of the time and space constraints as well as the analysis of those examples, I have concluded the subtitling translation tactics into six aspects. Right now, I also would like to provide a piece of advice to the subtitle translators—to be a subtitle translator with intelligence and work ethic. For intelligence, subtitle translators may do their efforts by enhancing the following three aspects. Firstly, subtitles translators should do efforts on dealing with untranslatability. Secondly, subtitle translators should improve their proficiency of language, including the proficiency of both source language and target language. The more proficient about language the subtitle translators are, the more freely and skillfully could they accomplish their task. Last but equally important, subtitle translators should strengthen their listening ability. Correct translation can only be achieved through correct comprehension, and listening accurately is the first necessary step for correct comprehension. Cultural vacuum is unavoidable in subtitling translation. Under the condition of being impossible to find an equivalent word in the target language, subtitle translators might â€Å"create† a new word reasonably. For work ethic, the author thinks subtitle translators may perfect themselves from the following three aspects. First, subtitle translators should be passionate. Because passion can make subtitle translators be interested in their translating work. Second, subtitle translators should be careful and responsible for their work,because their attitudes play a great part in the subtitle translators’ work. Third, subtitle translators should be perseverant. Because subtitling translation needs a great devotion of time and energy, which is rather harsh to many subtitle translators. The author wants to contribute her study and effort to the subtitling translation by writing this essay, and firmly believes by applying correct tactics, we will make a prosperous future in the field of subtitling translation. Notes 1 Nedergaard-Larsen, Bright, â€Å"Culture-bound Problems in Subtitling†in. Perspectives (Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 1993), 27. 2 Shuttleworth M. and Cowie, ed. , Dictionary of Translation Studies. (Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 1997), 264. 3 Gottlieb, H. Subtitling— A New University Discipline,† in Teaching Translation And Interpreting: Training, Talent And Experience C Dollerup A Lodegaard (Eds) Amsterdam, ed. John Benjamins Company (Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 1992), 47. Bibliography Xu, Lisheng , ed. Intercultural Communication In Englis h. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004. ( ), : ,1999? , : ,2007? , : ,1994? , : ,2001? : ,2001? ( ), : , 2004? ( ), : ,2007? ,. : , 2007? , : ,2001? How to cite Preliminary Study on Tactics of Translating Film’s Subtitles, Essay examples

The Importance Of A Mother Figure In Frankenstein Essays

The Importance Of A Mother Figure In Frankenstein Schuyler Sokolow and Regan Walsh 1/5/00 Frankenstein Essay The Importance of the Absence of a Mother Figure in Frankenstein Frankenstein can be read as a tale of what happens when a man tries to create a child without a woman. It can, however, also be read as an account of a woman's anxieties and insecurities about her own creative and reproductive capabilities. Mary Shelley, in the development and education of the monster, discusses child development and education and how the nurturing of a loving parent is extremely important in the moral development of an individual. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley examines her own fears and thoughts about pregnancy, childbirth, and child development. Pregnancy and childbirth, as well as death, was an important part of Mary Shelley's young adult life. She had four children and a miscarriage that almost killed her all before the age of twenty-five. Only one of her children, Percy Florence, survived to adulthood and outlived her. In June of 1816, when she had the waking nightmare which became the factor of the tale, she was only nineteen and had already had her first two children. Her first child, Clara, was born prematurely on February 22, 1815, and died on March 6 of the same year. Mary, as any woman would be, was devastated by this and took a long time to recover. Mary's second child, William, was born on January 24, 1816. (William died of malaria June 7,1819 .) The time that Mary had the idea for the story, her first child had died and her second was only 6 months old. There is no doubt that she expected to be pregnant again and about six months later she was. Pregnancy and childbearing was in the front of Mary's mind at this po int in her life. Frankenstein is one of the first stories that expresses the anxieties of pregnancy. Obviously male writers avoided this topic and it was considered poor taste for a woman to discuss it. Mary's focus on the birth process allowed men to understand female fears about pregnancy and reassured women that they were not alone with their anxieties. The story expresses Mary's deepest fears: What if my child is born deformed? Could I still love it or would I wish it were dead? What if I can't love my child? Am I capable of raising a healthy, normal child? Will my child die? Could I wish my own child to die? Will my child kill me in childbirth? Mary was expressing her fears related to the death of her first child, her ability to nurture, and the fact that her mother died having her. All of this is expressed in Victor Frankenstein's complete failure in parenting. For approximately nine months Victor Frankenstein labored on the creation of his child. Finally, he witnesses the birth: I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs. (Frankenstein, p.51). Instead of reaching out to his child, Victor rushes out of the room, disgusted by the abnormality of his creation. When the creature follows after him, Victor runs away in horror completely abandoning his child. While creating his child, Victor never considered whether this creature would even want to exist. He also didn't take enough care with the creature's appearance. He could not take the time to make small parts so he created a being of gigantic size. Victor never considered how such a creature would be able to exist with human beings. He did not take time with the features either and created a being with a horrifying appearance. Unable to accept his creation, Victor abandons his child and all parental responsibility. He even wish es that his child were dead. I gnashed my teeth, my eyes became inflamed, and I ardently wished to extinguish that life which I had so thoughtlessly bestowed (Frankenstein, p.87) From the moment of the creature's birth, Victor thought of it as a demon and abused it. Frankenstein represents the classic case of an abused and neglected child growing up to be an abuser. The monster's first murder victim is a small child. As Mary Shelley wrote the novel, she began